Problems of Noxious Chemical Substances

Chemical “ Substances ” That Are Not “ Chemical Substances ”

The main scientific problems of chemical bonding were solved half a century ago, but adequate philosophical understanding of chemical combination is yet to be achieved. Chemists routinely use important terms (“element,” “atom,” “molecule,” “substance”) with more than one meaning. This can lead to misunderstandings. Eliminativists claim that what seems to be a baseball breaking a window is merel...

On Tumor-Producing Chemical Substances*

The following is a review of the studies carried out in this laboratory during the past seven or eight years with the view of (a) elucidating the effect of certain exogenous tumor-producing chemical agents and (b) ascertaining the presence within the human body of chemical substances that may call forth the formation of tumors. The present review is based in the main on the results obtained by ...

Naming and Indexing of Chemical Substances for Chemical Abstracts

Aristotle’s Theory of Chemical Reaction and Chemical Substances

The dominance of atomic structure in modern chemistry has led to an emphasis of the atomic tradition which overshadows what the subject owes to the other traditions. But there are definite features of modern chemical theory which hark back to one or other of the anti-atomistic conceptions. Aristotle maintained that the appearance of genuinely new substances, with properties radically different ...

Biotransformation of the toxic chemical substances

Free radicals and oxygen meatabolites by xenobiotics were studied. Reactive intermediates detoxification may be due to the hydrolysis, glutathione conjugation, or interactions with cellular antioxidants. When DNA is modified in biological systems or when isolated DNA, nucleosides, and nucleotides are reacted with the xenobiotic or its metabolites. Free radicals biotransformation was considered....